Photographic camera



June 7 1927'. G. WASHINGTON PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERA Filed F'eb. l, 1926 6 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR fwf MSH/ ro/v ATTORNEY n 192 J e 7 7 G. WASHINGTON PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERA Filed Feb. l, 1926 6 Sheets-Sheet 2 ATTORNEY June 7 1927' G. WASHINGTON 1631301 PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERA Filed Feb. 1, 192e s sheets-sheet 3 IIllll IIIIIIII HIIIII @jl i| fda. (zo

vENToR GEO/azaf- AsH/A/Qm/v' ATTORNEY 1,631,301 June 7'. 1927' G. WASHINGTON PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERA Filed Feb. l, 1926 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 INVENTOR TTORNEY June 7 1927' G. WASHINGTON PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERA Filed Feb. l. 1926 6 Sheets-Sheet 6 ATTORNEY Patente'd June 7,4 1921.

- UNITED sTATEs PATENT OFFICE.

Gnomi: WASHINGTON; or BROOKLYN, NEW izonx.

Pnoroomnrc cunas.

. Application led February 1, 1926. Serial No. 85,1800

I 5 large cameras now in use, except the ability to take large pictures, and, as to this point,

Will be capable of taking photographs with such accuracy of detail that they may be enlarged many ytimes without losing sharpness of outline.

Toi/this end my invention comprises an automaticshutter mechanism accurately adjustable for widely different ranges of exposures, a finding and focusing device of Y'15 great accuracy, operative without the use of the ordinary ground glass screen, and various other improvements in details of construction which will be evident on reading the subjoined description thereof.

A '/1`he best form of apparatus at present known to me embodying my invention is` illustratedin the 'accompanyingsix sheets of drawings in which: y

Fig. 1 is a side elevation, with parts broken away or in section, showing the camera in position for taking a photograph. Fig. 2 is a detail axial section showing the bellows extension collapsed.

Fig 3' is av front elevation of the bellows extension and lens in operative position.

Fig 4 is a longitudinalsection on line 4 4 of Fig. 3, with parts vbroken away.

Fi 5 is a= similar section on line L5 5l il of Fig. 3, parts beingbroken away.

".35- Fig. 6 is a horizontal section with parts broken away, section being taken on line 6- 6 of Fig. 1. .f Fig; 7 is a detail horizontal section on line 7-7 of Fig. 4.

4o Fig. Sis a detail section on` line 8-8 of- Fig. 2. Fig. l9 isa section on line 9-9 of Fig. 8, showing the parts in positions assumed while the lens carriage is being drawn outward. Fig. 10 is a vertical section on line 10'- 10 'of Fig. 17 on a reduced-scale, 'with'parts broken away.

Fig. 11 is a detail of twoyof the curtain winding and unwinding rollers forming part of' ythe shutter mechanism, parts being nbroken away. p

Fig. 12 is al detail perspective view of the glass prism and swinging support therefor, forming part of the finding and focusing apparatus.

Fig. 13 is an enlarged cross section on line 13-13 of Fig. 12.

Fig. 14 is a detail cross sectibn onV a' plane at right angles to that on which the section' shown in Fig. 13 is taken, with parts broken away.

Fig. 15 is an enlarged detail of a part of Fig. 10, showing the shutter curtains in set position, with parts removed or shown on a different section plane.

Fig. 16 is a similar view showing parts in the position assumed duringe-Xposure of the plate.

Fig. 17 is a plan view of the camera in folded-up condition with parts broken away andvothers shown in section.

Fig. 18 is a detail plan view of the curtain setting and releasing apparatus.

Fig. 19 is a vertical cross section of the same on line 19-19 of Fig. 1 8, parts being broken away. p

Fig. 20 is another vertical cross section taken on line 20-20 of'iFig. 18, parts being` broken away. l

Fig. 21 is a detail vertical cross section taken online 21-21 of Fig. 22 showing the shutter curtainy take-up or winding rollers and sheaves, parts being 'broken away.

Fig. 22 is a horizontal cross sect-ion taken on line 22-22 of Fig. 21, parts being broken away.

Fig. 23 is a detail plan view of the shutter releasing mechanism, with parts shown in section, and others broken away.

Fig. 24: is a similar view of a part of the shutter adjusting mechanism.

Fig. 25 1s a detail vertical cross section of one of the shutter gears and its attached plate, parts being broken away.

curtainsin action, parts being broken away.

Fig. 30 isa-plan view of a slightly modified form of camera designed to hold photographic films.

Fig. 31 is a horizontal section thereof on line 31-31 of Fig. 32, parts being broken away or shown in section, and the back of the casing removed. j

Fig. 32 is a rear elevation with parts broken away, others shown in section and with the back of the casing removed.

Fig. 33 is a detail vertical section on line 33-33 of Fig. 32.

Fig. 34 is a detail horizontal section on line 34-34 of Fig. 32, but with the lower centerinopin shown in full lines.

tThroughout the drawings like reference characters indicate, like parts.

General comtructon and casing.

1 is the main casing enclosing the plate or film holder of any proper construction (not shown), shutter and related parts, and

vhaving a front opening 1a in which is back of it.l 7, 7, are vertically movablel plate springs each Irigidly mounted at one end in the main casing l on a cutaway block 7 *and carrying at its other, free end a block 71 having a beveled upper face adapted to bear against the lower edge of flange 3 when the telescoping section 2 is pulled out, as shown in Fig. 1, and against the under surface of said section 2A when the latter is pushed in, as indicated in dotted lines in Fig. 1.y As a result of this construction, when the telescoping section is pulled out, the upper portion of the front plate 1b of the main frame engages groove .4, the telescoping section 2 being forced up against it by springs 7, 7; and Awhen said section 2 is forced inward, the front groove 6 similarly is engaged by plate 1b. Consequently the telescoping section 2 is thereby elastically locked in either its inner or outer position.

8 is a flap or panel hinged at 8a along one edge to section 2 and adapted to fill the front opening of said section when said plate is swung up into vertical position, being held in this vertical position by the spring latch 9, then engaging its upper edge. When this plate or apron 8 is swung down into horizontal position, as shown in Figs. 1, 4 and 5, it is locked in said position by laterally extending latching pins 13, 13, carried by flexible side extensions 10, 10, on said lplate and engaging sockets 14, 14 (see Fig. 7), formed in the inner surface of the front portion of section 2. The springs 11, 11, pivoted or otherwise fastened to the side pieces 10, 10, at 12, 12,. are flexed between the inner' surface of plate 8 and the bottom of section 2, when plate 8 is thrown up into vertical position as indicated in' dotted lines in Fig. 4. As a result of this last described construction, when the operator presses upward the slightly projecting end of spring latch 9, the plate 8 will be released and the springs 11, 11, will throw it down into horizontal position, pins 13, 13, thereupon snapping into sockets 14, 14, and elastically locking it in said horizontal position. To return the plate 8 to vertical position, the operator presses the elastic side pieces 10, 10 slightly inward to free pinsl 13, 13, from sockets 14, 14, and swings plate 8 upward until it is again caught and held by latch 9.

15 represents generally any standard form of adjustable objective lens carried by carriage 16 which is supported by base plate 16a (see Fig. 3), which is adapted to engage grooves along the inner faces of parallel rail sections 17, 17, carried by plate 8, or the shorter extension rail sections 17a, 17, mounted on the bottom of section 2. Buttons18, 18, are connected to spring-pressed friction locks, one of which is shown at 18a (see Fig. 8), which locks are adapted t0 hold carriage 16 in any position of adjustment on rails 17 or 17a and particularl to engage notches 18b in rails 17, 17, (see 4ig. 9) to lock the lens carriage 16 in its outer position of adjustment. A bellows extension or hood 19 connects lens 15 with the rear of telescoping section 2.

In operating this portion of the invention to shut up the camera the user presses buttons 18, 18, inward, between thumb ,and 10u forelinger, to release the locks 18 then engaging rail sections 17, 17, and pushes the carriage 16 back into section 2 before swinging plate 8 up to close the camera and allowing latch 9 to engage and hold it.' Con- 105 versely, on opening the camera, after releasing latch 9 and permitting springs 11, 11, to swing plate 8 down, the operator releases the carriage from rail sections 17, 17, by pressing inward buttons 18, 18, and 110 pulls the carriage out into operative position shown in Fig. 5, and then, by releasing buttons 18, 18, locks the carriage and the lens in this operative position.

.The general method of operating the 115 camera, therefore, is as follows: Assuming the camera to be in collapsible condition for transportation, when it is to be used the operator first trips latch 9 with his thumb nail and allows springs 11, 11, to swing plate 120 8 down into the position shown in Figs. 1, 3,4 and 5. He then pushes telescoping' section 2 downward to free groove 6 from front plate 1b, (thereby flexing springs 7, 7,) and pulls it out into the position shown in Fig. 1 125 and, grasping carriage 16 by buttons 18, 18, pulls out t'he lens, extending the bellows hood 19 usually to the full extent as shown in Fig. 5, althoughhe may leave it in an intermediate position if he so desires. He 130 l then adjusts the focus of the lens, usually by rotating one member of the lens holder so as to bring it out into the dotted line position shown in Fig. 1 which will enable him to seel through the eye-piece lens 23a (Fig. 13) a clearly defined image of the object, and then -trips t'he shutter mechanism hereinafter to be described.

vlens so as to get a clear View of it, the image, 'instead of being projected upon the usual ground glass plate at the back of the camera,

is reflected upward by the film 95 of quicksilver on the back of glass prism 21 supported in the holder 25 which slips on to t e lower end ofthe swinging member 22 which is pivoted at 24 to the nipple `23 which also serves as the holder for a magnifying lens or eye-piece 23a. The particular means here illustrated for removably supporting the prism holder 25 Yfrom the lower end of swinging member 22, comprises spring tongues 22a in the lower end of member 22 (see Figs. 13 and 14), provided witl pins 22", adapted to engage holes 25*L in the prism holder 25 when the latter is slid up into the position shown in Figs. 12 and 13.`

The preferred means for holding the prism 21 down in operative position in the focal axis of the lens 15 during the focusing operation, and for swinging it quickly out of the field 0f the lens 15 before the sensitized plate is exposed for the purpose of taking the picture is shown in detail in Figs. 10 15, 16 and 17. They comprise a horizontal slide ,n bar 26 havin longitudinal slots 26d, which are engaged y guide pins `27, 27, set in the inner surface of the camera casing 1, and means for sliding said bar on said pins. Said slide bar has'a transverse vertically arranged notch 26a engaging a pin 93 carried by member 22, and the tension spring 28 is fastened to the camera casing at one end by pin 28, and at the other end connected to the lug 26b on the under side of thebar 26. Obviously, when the -bar 26 is free to slide, spring 28A will pull it to the left, (looking at Figs. 10, 15, 16 and 17 and then, vertical slot 26a engaging pin 93 will swing member 22 and-the prism carried by it up into the position shown in Figs. 16 and 17 out' of the field of lens' 15. A pin 92 carried by bar 26 extends out through slot 92a in the camera casing 1 so that it may be grasped by the'operator and employed as a means for forcingbar 26 tothe right into the position shown in Figs. 10 and 15, thereby swinging member 22 down into the vertical` positionshown in Figs. 10 and 15. When -this is done, the beveled projection 26 extending laterally from a disc 911 set in the upper edgeof the bar 26 is caught `by the bell-crank .latch 29, pivoted at 29 to the camera casing and normally held down in engaging position by spring V90. There is a pin or trigger 91 carried by the. other arm of bell crank latch 29 and projecting through a short slot 91 in the camera casing 1 so that when the operator ushes said pin or trigger to the left, itwswings bell crank latch 29 in a'clockwise direction, (looking at Figs. 10, 15, 16 and 17) and frees the latch fromtlie beveled projection or lug 26.

'The finding and focusing operation for a camera equipped with the above described apparatus is,.therefore as follows:

The parts being inthe position lshown in Figs. 16 and 17, the operator pushes the pin 92 to the right, thereby moving bar 26 into `film 95 carried by prism 21 and can then accurately focus said lens 15. W'lien this focusing is accomplished 'he pushes pin 91 to the left, thereby lifting latch 29 and freeing'bar 26 so that it is quickly slid into the position shown in Fig. 16, thereby swinging member 22, and prism 21, u p into their horizont-al positions s'liown in Figs. 16 and V17 and out of the field of lens 15 so that when the shutter is opened `(by mechanism hereinafter described) 'a sharply defined picture of the object is then projected on the sensitized plate in holder 20?l and without interference from member 22 and prism holder 25. l f

Considering the essential elements ofttlie above described structurefit is apparent that the magnifying llens 23l corresponds to the eye-piece ofa telescope, that the adjustable lens 15 corresponds to the adjustable lens or object glass of such telescope, and that the path of the light rays through said lenses 15 and 23a is bent at right angles by the film of light-,reflecting material 95 applied to the rear face of prism 21. The plane of the refiecting surface so formed is, as shown, inclined 115- degrees to the axes of Aboth lens 15 and lens 23, and the cross section of prism A 2l is refe'rably that of a right -angled isosceles triangle, with the, reflecting film 95 applied to that face which forms the base ofthe isosceles triangle, as shown in Fig. 13.

Among the advantages of this portion of my inventionmay' be mentionedv the following: While the camera may be madeof small size and very compact when collapsed, the telescopic finding and focusing apparatus described enables the operator to accurately focus lens 15 without the use of any 'the position shown in Fig. 15 and further extending' spring 28 until the latch 29 drops ie izo Y ground glass screen and instead of having to estimate the distance and then focus the lens approximately for that distance by rule, as is the case with ordinary pocket cameras. The use of the prism with the reflecting film 95 on its inclined-surface produces a clear reflection of the image to th'e eye of the operator,there being no double reflection, such as is usual when an ordinary inclined mirror is used for this purpose, the front surface of such mirror producing one reflection and the reflecting surface on its back another. The vertical face of the prism 21 through which the rays of light enter 1 being at right angles to said rays and the horizontal face through which the reflected rays pass to the eye-piece 23a being also at right angles to said reflected rays, there is no refraction of these rays either when enteringA or Jwhen leaving the prism. The mounting of the prism on a swinging member used as a part of the finding mechanism and movable in a plane parallel to the sensitized surface reduces the space occupied by this-portion of the apparatus to the smallest possible amount.

-It is understood, of course, that the eye-l piece lens 23a should have a focal len th such that its focal plane will exactly coinclde with the focal. plane of the objective lens 15, reflected from the mirror surface 95. Of course, also the distances from the objective lens to the film or sensitized plate 20, is

such that when the mirror and prism 21 are swung out of the field of the lens, said focal plane `will coincide with the surface of plate 2O in the usualway.

Shutter mechanism.

As shown in' the drawings the preferred form of focal plane shutter mechanism comprises generally two curtains adapted to be s t so that one, which 4I will call thel main urtain, is unwound from al spring roller and extends over the face of the photographic film or plate protecting the sensitized surface thereof from the light rays entering through the adjustable lens 15 while the other, which I will call the follow-up curtain, is wound up on a setting roller, ready to be unwound therefrom and to follow. the main curtain across the face of the film or plate at an adjustable predetermined distance behind said main curtain when the two curtains are released and the main' curtain rewound on its spring roller. The length of the open space between the rear end of the moving main curtain and the forward edge of the moving follow-up curtain, determines the period of time during which any given point on the photographic sur; face within the field of the lens 15 is exposed to the actionof the light rays, both curtains moving at the samespeed while both are crossing said lens field, but the astarting of the follow-up curtain being more or less delayed by an adjustable, automatic releasing device according to what length of time of exposure of the sensitized surface may be desired.

hand end of casing 1 (Figs. 10, 16 and 28).A

Said main curtain may be unwound from spring roller 31 (when'the shutter mechanism is set) by tension of ribbons 32, 32, attached to the corners of its rear edge, said tension being applied toward the left in the direction of the dotted arrows in Figs.A 28 and 29, by winding. saidribbons on setting and releasing sheaves 33 located near the left hand end of said casing 1, and also journaled on frame 89. The follow-up curtain 34, when the shutter is set, -is wound up on the setting and-releasing roller 35 (Figs. 2O and 28), journaled on frame. 89 n'car the left hand end of casing 1. The forward end of said follow-up curtain 34 then extends around idler roller 36 (Figs. 10, 20 and 28) freely mounted on shaft 51 carryingsheaves 33, 'and it is caused-to follow the main curtain 30 over the photographic film or plate (when released) by the tension of cords 37, 37, attached to the corners of its forward edge, said cords passing around idler sheaves 39, 39, (Figs. 21 and 28) freely mounted on the shaft 40 on which main curtain roller 31 is spring mounted, and being wound up on sheaves 38, 38,' (Figs. 21, 28 and 11) which are fast on either end of spring driven barrel 38h, journaled near the rivht hand end of casing 1 on frame 89, back of said main curtain roller 31 (looking at Figs. 28 and 10). In Fig. -28the parts are shown in the position reached after the shutter mechanism has been operated and the photograph taken. In Fig. 29 the two curtains are shown in the act o'f traveling across the field of lens 15, the space 7 9 between them representing the area of the film exposed at any one instant.I In Fig. 16 the shutter is also shown in operation but with a narrower lob 30El is a stiffening strip for the free rear end v of main curtain 30, and 34a is a similar'stiening strip for the free, forward end of follow-up curtain 34.

The spring mechanism for winding up main curtain 30 and. unwinding follow-up curtain 34 is illustrated in Figs. 21 and 22.

4c .curtain 30 and to unro 37 connected to follow-up curtain 34 are loosely mounted on shaft 40a to which hub 41 is'fastened by pin 41. This hub serves as ananchorage for one end of coiled spring 42, the other and upper end thereof being fastened to the cylinder 38, which -in turn 1s fastened to the inside of the hollow cylinder 38?, to the ends of which sheaves 38 are fastened. Gear 43EL is fast on the upper end -of shaft 'L and meshes with gear 44' on winding shaft 45.. Gear 44 is held in adjusted position by awl 46, pivoted to frame 89 in block 89c at 4 and held in engagement with gear 44 by spring extension 48 resting against fixed pm 49. In the same Way roller 31, to which-main curtain 30 is attached at its forward end, is loosely mounted on, and spring connected to, shaft 40, by an interior coiled spring (not shown) and on the upper end of shfft 40 is gear 43 which also meshes with gear 44. A rigid projection 48a from pawl 46 can be reached by the operator through 'an opening in the casing to' trip the pawl-1f it is desired to relieve the Atension of these winding springs. By either winding up the shaft 45 in a clockwise direction (looking at Fig. 22) to increase the spring tension', or by releasing the pawl and allow ing shaft 45 to rotate in a counter-clockwise direction, the tension of the actuating springscan be regulated. Cords 37 may be 'fastened to barrel 38 by means of screws, one

of which isshown at 37a in Fig. l11. The tension of springs 42 may be adjusted by .initially winding them up by a key applied to the squared end of shaft 45. They will act from pawl 46 as an anchorage to produce independent tension on sheaves 38 and roller 31v tending alwa s to roll up main il follow-up curtain The shutter setting and releasing-mecha# nism is shown assembled in Figs. 18, 19 and 20, and in detail inl Figs. 23 to 27. This setting and releasing mechanism consists generally of two gears 55 Yand 58 which are mounted concentrically one with another on or around shaft 56. Gear 55 meshes with a 4pinion' 50 (see Figs. 19 and 20) fast on follow-up curtain setting roller 35, and ear 58 meshes with pinion l54 which is rigid yA con# .nected with' the sheaves 33, 33, on which ribbons 32 from main "curtain are wound.

' This shaft 56 is journaled in bearing 56a in bearno* block 89, and inbearing' 56b set in fixed pate 89 (See niggas). on shaft 56, being mounted on. the squared portion 57 thereof.k Gear 55 rotates freely on shaft 56 but has a connection with gear 58 by which it may 4be driven by the'latter in a counter-clockwise direction looking at Fig. 18. This connection comprises a pin 61 projecting from the lower surface of `gear 55 int a groove 59 in the upper siirfag of Gear. 58 is fast' groove to limit the curtain setting rotation i of gears 55 and 58 to one nearly complete revolution. On the u per end of shaft 56 is fastenedthe cuppe disc 63 loosely held on the end of shaft 56 by plate 65 and screw 65 (Fig. 19). l

.It is evident that when this disc 63 is rotated in a counter-clockwise direction (looking at Fi 18) gear 58 will rotate with it and, as t e stop 60 thereon .is in 'contact with pin 61, movement of disc 63 in a counter-clockwise direction will also bei transmitted to gear 55. Such motion of cupped disc 63 is therefore transmitted simultaneously to roller 35, to wind up and set follow-up curtain 34, through pinion 50 fast on said roller and meshing with gear 55, and also to sheaves 33, 33, for winding up ribbons 32 Isetting position Yby pawl 80, pivoted to block 89, at 81, and held in engagement with gear 5 8 by spring extension 82 bearing on the side walL of the recess l801, in the block 89, in which said pawl is mounted, as

best shown in Figs. 18, 19 and 23. vWhen said pawl is `released, by swinging its projecting end to the left (looking at Figs. 18

and 23), gear 58 and .consequently sheaves l33 are left free to rotate and main curtain,

30 thereupon starts winding up on its s ring roller 31, traveling from left to 'right Figs. 10, 28 and 29) and beginning' to expose the lm to the light raysentering through lens 15. The film or sensitized 'plate is sup orted in' any convenient way against the ack 20, (see Figs. 1 and 17) of casing 1. In

`Fi 17, a plate holder is indicated at, 20.

e means forrel'easing gear 55 so that it may `at the desired moment start to fol`- low gear 58 and consequently permit followup curtain 34 to begin to follow main curtain 30 comprises the pawl75 (Fig. 23) engaging notch 77 in circular disc 78; which disc is fastened to the upper side of gear 55,' as by rivets 78a (Fig. 23), this plate and the two gears 55, 58, being nested in space 62 cut out of the lower -side of block 89, as best shown in Fi 19., Pawl 75 'is carried on the under si' e of lever-73 by lmeans of the rivet 75* and is 1i0 in the plane of relation of theA aced away theref. from far enough so as to 'e in the plane of.

anti-friction wheel or button 68 fastened to the under side of cup 63 by screw 68a. Consequently when cup 63 rotates far enough to bring anti-friction wheel 68 in contact with lever 73 the latter will be pushed to the left against the resistance of spring 76 and carry with it pawl 75 so as to free it from the notch 77 in disc 78 and thereby release gear so that it may rotate under the pull of gear 50 which is fast on roller 35, which latter is under the tension of follow-up curtain 34, thus permitting followup curtain 34: to start on its movement in pursuit of main curtain 30, which is already being wound up with its rear end traveling across the lens field asy indicated by the full line arrows in Fig. 29.

The means for timing this movement of pawl 75 comprises mechanism for adjusting circumferentially the position of the cup 63, and the anti-friction wheel 68 carried thereby, with reference to shaft 56, which latter rotates with gear 58 and therefore moves synchronously with the main curtain 30. T he preferred means for producing this adjustment herein illustrated comprises the disc 64 set on the squared upperportior 56 of shaft 56 and provided with a series of notches 72, 72 which may' be engaged by a pawl 65 (see Figs. 18 and 24) pivoted at 65 on the under side of cup `63. This pawl is held in engagement by spring 65b also fastened to the under side of cup 63 and has an upwardly projecting pin 66 passing through a slot 67 in cup 63. By pulling pawl 65 out of engagement with any of the notches 72 and rotating the cup, said pawl can be allowed to drop into any other notch and so determine the angular advance or retardation of friction wheel 68 with reference to shaft 56. If the pawl 65 engages the particular notch with which it is shown in engagement in Figs. 18 and 24, it is evident that cup 63 must make nearly two-thirds of a revolution before wheel 68 will strike lever 73 and release the follow-up curtain, which will result in a long exposure of the film or plate. If, on the other hand, pawl 65 is shifted over into engagement with notch 7 2b, (Fig. 24) the friction wheel 68 will be located very close to lever 73 when the shutter isset, and will strike said pawl before cup 63 has rotated through more than a few degrees, with the result that the follow-up curtain will then released soon after the main curtain has be un to move, and only a narrow open space 9a will be left between the two curtains as they are traveling across the field of the lens as indicated in Fig. 10. If pawl 65 were dropped into one of the intermediate notches 72 then an opening of intermediate extent would exist between the two curtains while they were traveling across the film will vary directly as the width of the space 79 or 7 9a.

Idler roller 36 is separated from sheaves 33 by intermediate membersy 36a shown in Fig. 20 so .that motion of either may not be transmitted to the other by frictional contact.

The propery setting `of pawl 65 in the -proper notch 72 to produce an exposure of a given fraction of a second may be indicated by a pointer 69 (Figs. y18 and 19) lfast on the upper end of shaft 56 and swinging over the division vpoints 70, marked on the upper surface of cup 63. Short radial ribs 71, 71, on the upper surface of cup 63 serve as convenient means for grasping said cup for this adjustment and also when winding up the shutter setting mechanism. The outer 'end of the tail or pawl 80 is in line with sliding bar`26 (sec Figs. 17 and 18) so that when released from latch 29 this bar trips pawl 80 and releases the shutter curtain 30.

The complete ope-ration of setting and releasing the shutter mechanismv for any desired time exposure therefore is as follows: Locking pawl 67 is first dropped into engagement with that notch 72 which will give the desired exposure. This also locks cupped disc 63 fo shaft 56 so that the opera-tor may grasp the cup by lugs 71, 71, and rotate the cup disc 63, shaft 56, and gear 58 in a counter-clockwise direction, beginnfng the unwinding of main curtain 30 from its spring roller 3l and drawing it across the field of the lens in the directioni of the dotted arrows in Figs. 28 and 29, and also (stop 60 in gear 58 being in contact with pin 61 on gear 55 as shown in Fig. 27), simultaneously winding up follow-up curtain 34 on its roller It is obvious that when the shutter parts are in the released condition assumed after an eX- posure, the stop 60 is (as shown in Fig. 27)' a counter-clockwise direction completes the unwinding of curtain 30 from its spring roller 31 and the Winding up of curtain 34 on its setting roller 35, and brings the parts into position .shown in Fig. 18, pin 61 'serving asa stop for this winding-up operation. Thereupon pawl 75, dropping intonotch 77 on disc 78, holds the follow-up curtain in such position, while main curtain 30 is held in unwound position by pawl 80. When pawl 80 is tripped by pushing its eX osed end to the left the gear 58 is release and begins to rotate together with cup 63.` The winding up of curtain 30 then starts and begms to expose the lm, and whenever wheel tir inthe positions shown in Figs. 27 an or button 68 comes into contact with lever 73, pawl 75 is Withdrawn from engagement with notch 77 in plate 78, gear 55 is also released, and follow-up curtain 34 also begins to move under tension of its cords 37 which are thereupon wound up on spring driven sheaves 38. The' tensions of the springs driving roller 31 and sheavesl 38 being substantially equal,l the two curtains Atravel across the lens ield at thevsame speed, and, after curtain 30 has'beencompletely wound up, s top on gear 58 strikes the other side of xed pin 61a (looking at Fig. 19) preventing further motion of. said curtain. Curtain 34 continues to follow curtain 30 until notch 77 again comeslopposite pawl 75,.or pin A61 strikes stop 60, whenits further movement 'is arrested with these arts 28. AThe position of the timing parts just after pawl7 5 has been tripped and the follow-up curtainhas begun to move are shown in Fig. 23. After pawl has been withdrawn from notch 77 it rides on the periphery of disc 78 as also shownin Fig. 23.

If it is desired to release follow-up curtain 34 manually, this can be done by pushing over the projecting end of lever 7 3'. This enables theoperator to make a time exposure by holding out pawl 64, thus dis ab ing the automatic tripfor curtain 34, and then controlling the follow-up curtain by manipulatin lever 73.

The mode o operating the herein described camera, assuming 1t to be folded up as for carrying in the pocket, is as follows: The parts arebrought into operative position shown in Fig. 1 as previously described. The projecting 'pin 92 isY then pushed to the right into the position shown .1n Figs. 10 and 15, thus swinging the prism 'i 21- down into the eld of lens 15 (as shown tion and all that remains is to focus' lens 15.

in Figs. 10 and 15). nLatch 29'locks the parts 1n this position.i

' At orl before this time thel operator sets the shutter winding apparatus for the de- -sired exposure"A (as above described). Then he winds up the shutter by grasping ribs 71', 71, on cup 63 and rotating the latter in 5oa l counter-clockwise direction until further rotationis 'checked by stop 60 coming against pin'61 as shown in Fig. 26. v Pawl 80 will then hold the shutter parts in the set' posi- To do this the operator 'looks'down through eye-piece lens 23a-'at'the reflection of the obiject toward which the camera has been directed, which reflection is thrown up by the film 950i uicksilver on'the back of prism 21, and'va r1es the focus of lens 15 (as indicated in broken lines in Fig. 1) until he sees ,a perfectly defined image of the object.

This'means that ifthe prism 21 be then swung up out ofthe ield'of the lens and the shutter curtainsv released, exactly the from .a plug 97 inserted in the, topo .casing 100 (see Fig. 30).

same image of the object which the operator sees will be projected on the` film or sensltized plate, when the shutter opens, and if Y said plate is' so exposed for acertain definite fraction of time, a similarly perfect photograph will result.

.To accomplish this the operator pushes I the exposure necessary for the existing light conditions, and the operation over so. far as the camera. 1s concerned.

The carnage 16 1s then run back into tele- .lscoping section 2, flap 8 swung up, and section 2 forced back into the main casing 1,

thus shutting up the camera for storage orv transportation.

The combined mechanism for setting and l adjusting the shutter, focusing the lenses and releasing the shutter above described is particularly compact and simple in operation and (as above ex lained) can be readily operated automatica y for ordinary exposures, or manually controlled in cases where an extra long exposure is required.

Figs. 30 to 34 illustrate a slightly modified form of camera especially deslgn'ed for handling photographic ms instead of plates. 100 represents the maincasing in which is mounted the telescoping member2 with the hinged front plate 8 adapted to support the lens carriage 16 supportlng the objective lens 15. The'colla sible hood4 19 connects casing section 2 wit lens carriage 16 and 10,10 are the supports for the plate 8. The swinging member 22 of the finding.

and :focusingV device supports a prism at its lower end provided with .the reiiecting sur- 1 face 95 on its back, as before described', but instead of the magnifying lens 23a shownl 1n Fig. 13, through which the reflected image ofthe object 'to be photographed is yiewed in a vertical direction,-Il have here shown a lens 96 set in a thimble 97 through which the object may be viewed in a horizontal d1- rection by means` of a second prism, not shown, but illustrated and described 1n my pending application Serial No. 85,128 file .d of even date herewith. When using this form 'of the invention the operator can hold the camera up before his eyes while focusing the lens, looking through eye-piece lens rted main 96. The second prism may-be-sup 101v is a, removable back for main casing 100. A rectangular frame 102, having side wings 102, 102, is' .adaptedto sli over and enclose the shutter curtanwh wgether Cil `is the usual spool on which said film is wound for storage and transportation. as well as for use, which spool is supported between Ithe upper and lower bearing blocks 104a, 104b as best shown in Fig. 32. `When the camera is to be put into use the film 103 is first unrolled far enough to allow the tab 103a to be inserted in the slot 105a of the take-up spool 105 at the other side of the camera, so that, after successivel portions of the film have been exposed for the taking of pictures, said exposed portions may be wound up on said take-up spool 105. The preferred form of take-up spool 105, as shown in the drawings, has the usual end anges l106, 106, and is detachably supported on the upper centering pin 107 and the lower centering pin 110. Upper pin 107 is rigidly mounted on the under side of button 108, which latter is loosely journaled in the` flanged bearing 114 set in the top of the main casing (see Fig. 33). Button 108 and pin 107 are normally forced `downward to hold said button in said flangedbearing 114 by the spiral spring 109 which is confined between the flanged bearing 114 and the flange 107aL on the lower portion of the pin 107. Pin 107 has a lower end portion 107 b which is reduced in diameter and engages a centrally boredfout portion 105b of the spool 105. The lower end of spool 105 is supported by the lower pin 110 which is carried by the lower button 108a journaled in 4plate 115 fast on, or stamped up from, the bottom part of main casing 100. This pin 110 also enters the lower end of the hole 105b extending through spool 105 and is detachably locked to 'said spool by means of the cross pin 111entering the transverse slot 105c inl the bottom end of said sp'ool. 112 is a small ratchet l wheel rigidly mounted on pin 110 and cooperating with spring pawl 113, which latter is rigidly mounted on the iixed plate 115.

It is evident from the above construction that when the operator grasps buttons 108 and 108a between thumb and forefinger he will compress the spool 105 between them, flange 107a bearing on the upper end' of said spool and the lower end of said spool resting on ratchet wheel 112 which is rigidly ratchet mechanism 113, 112, will at all times prevent any unwinding action of said spool 105. Buttons 108 nad 108a may have their outer surfaces corrugated as indicated in Figs. and 32 to prevent the operators thumb and finger slippingon them.

` In loading the camera, 1n this form of' my invention, the casing back 101 is removed, the spool of film 103 placed in position, the film tab 103a wound up on spool 105 and the casing back replaced. The

camera is then ready for operation. After' each picture is taken the exposed portion of' the film is wound up on spool 105, in the manner hereinbefore described, until all of the film has been used. To remove the film, the back 101 of the casing is taken off, the spool 105 pushed upward, compressing spring 109 until the hole 105b is freed from the lower pin 110, and said spool, with its winding of previously exposed film, is then removed, for development or storage of the film. An empty take-up spool may be then inserted b -reversing this procedure, a new spool of lm 103 placed in, and threaded across, the camera, the back 101 replaced, and the apparatus will then be ready for continued use.

The foregoing film winding mechanism is not specifically claimed, but is described and claimedin my pending application Serial No. 128,740, filed August 12, 1926, which is a division of this a plication.

The particular form of collapsible camera herein described, but not claimed, is shown, described and claimed in my pending application Serial No. 85,127, filed February 1, 1926.

The particular forms of finding and focusing devices herein described, but not specifically claimed, are described and claimed in my pending applications Serial No. 85,128, filed February 1, 1926, and Serial No. 158,862, filed January 4, 1927.

The particular form of shutter operating mechanism herein shown and described, but not specifically claimed, is described and claimed in my pending application Serial No. 85,129, filed February 1, 1926, allowed November` 9, 1926.'

Various changes evidently could be made in the details of the particular embodiments of the various sub-combinations herein illusspecifically trated and described without departing as the general method of operation and cooperation herein indicated is'preservcd.

Having described my invention, I claim:

l1. In a pocket camera the combination of a relatively flat casing adapted to be slipped into the pocket of a garment, a shutter curtain having windin and unwinding rollers mounted in cit er end of said casing, a mirror pivoted insaid casing between said rollers onan axis perpendicular to the plane of said shutter curtain and adapted to either swing down into the `focal axis of the camera lens or out along one edge of said curtain, and means for operating said shutter curtain adapted to be released by the outward swinging movement of said mirror, whereby said curtain is operated only after said mirror 'has swung out of the vfield of the camera lens.

2. In a photographic camera adapted for use with a roll of sensitized film, the combination of a main casin rollers for such ilm located in either en of said casing, a focal plane shutter mechanism comprising two spring-operated curtains and rollers therefor located in the medial portion of said casing, and arcmovable frame for enclosing said shutter mechanism, which frame comprises Wings adapted to be inserted between said curtain rollers and said film rollers and a partly cut-away portion connecting said wings which is adjusted to extend letween said film and said curtains.

GEORGE WASHINGTON. 

